Q) What is coronary artery disease ?
A) Coronary artery disease takes place when an upsurge of plaque that is fatty deposits, cholesterol and calcium get stuck to the walls of the arteries, causing narrowing and blockages, therefore reducing the flow of blood to the heart. Such kind of blockages often result in pain known as angina. If the disease goes untreated, clots may form, resulting in a heart attack.
Q) What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease ?
A) Following are risk factors for coronary artery disease:
Q) What is Coronary angiography, Angioplasty and a Stent ?
A) Coronary angiography is a diagnostic process that is performed for detecting problems with the heart and the blood vessels.
Angioplasty is a surgical process where a special balloon is put –in for opening the artery at the point of blockage, to improve the flow of blood to the heart. If your doctor has recommended angioplasty, then this process might include stents and not might not.
A stent is a stretchy wire mesh tube that is inserted into the expanded artery for keeping it open and allowing the flow of blood.
Stents are of two types:
Q) Why are coronary angiogram and angioplasty/stents performed ?
A) Angiography is not only an all-encompassing process, but also the most conclusive tool for diagnosing the suspected heart disease and also find out the option for the best treatment. The expansion of the arteries that are blocked through angioplasty and also keeping the arteries open with stents brings in improvement in the flow of blood to the heart, which reduces the risk of heart attack and irregular heart rhythms.
Q) Where is the procedure done ?
A) Most of the times, Angiogram and angioplasty both the procedures are undertaken as day procedures in a specialized day surgery or cardiac catheter laboratory. After the surgery, an overnight stay at the hospital is required where stents are inserted.
Q) How long does the process take ?
A) The time that is needed in this process varies according to the condition an individual, but angiogram generally takes around 30 to 45 minutes, with approximately four hours of the time of recovery after the process.
Angioplasty and an insertion of the stents might take about a half an hour's time up to many hours which depends on the nature and extent of the coronary disease.
Q) Who all are involved in this process ?
A) All concerned health care professionals are involved in the process, such as:
Q) How does one prepare for the procedure ?
A) The specialist is required to provide detailed advice on the preparation that is required in the case of a particular patient but the general preparation can be:
Q) What occurs after angiogram and angioplasty/stents ?
A) After angiogram, the patient is monitored while in the recovery area before given a discharge. If the process was of angioplasty/stents, one has to stay overnight, during which the patient is closely observed. In both the cases, the patient must have someone to accompany since one is not in a condition to drive.
The doctor discusses the preliminary results of the angiogram before the patient is discharged. There is discussion about the instructions included after the day surgery or about any side effects that you might experience at home. Sometimes, the use of clot-preventing medicines are also prescribed after the process.
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